What is nervous coordination?
The process of harmonizing actions in the body to achieve specific goals.
What are the two main parts of the nervous system in mammals?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
What structures are part of the CNS?
The brain and spinal cord.
What protects the brain?
The cranium (skull).
What are the three main parts of the brain?
Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
Name a function of the cerebrum.
Controls intelligence, memory, imagination, reasoning, and voluntary actions.
What do the olfactory lobes control?
They receive sensory impulses for smell.
What is the role of the thalamus?
Processes sensations and maintains consciousness.
Which part of the brain regulates body temperature and appetite?
The hypothalamus.
What does the cerebellum control?
Maintains balance, coordinates muscle actions, and processes impulses from ears and skin.
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
Regulates involuntary actions like respiration, heartbeat, and digestion.
How many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves are in the PNS?
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?
Involuntary actions like heartbeat and digestion.
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and intermediate neurons.
What is resting potential in nerve impulses?
The polarized state of a neuron with more sodium ions outside and potassium ions inside.
What neurotransmitter is used at synapses?
Acetylcholine.
What is a reflex action?
An involuntary response to a stimulus, like sneezing or blinking.
What is a conditioned reflex?
A learned response, such as typing or swimming, acquired through repetition.
Who demonstrated the concept of conditioned reflexes?
Pavlov in 1910, through experiments with a dog and a bell.
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